Development History of Light Steel Prefabricated Building轻钢装配式建筑发展史

At the beginning of the 20th century with the start of the Industrial Revolution, the scale of the iron and steel industry in some developed countries expanded rapidly, and steel-structured housing has developed preliminarily. So far, the development history of steel structure housing technology has reached more than 100 years in developed countries in the world.   In Europe, America, Japan and other places, the amount of steel used in construction has reached more than 30% of the steel output, and the building area of steel structures accounts for about 40% of the total building area, forming their own steel structure housing systems.

20世纪初，随着工业革命的开始，一些发达国家钢铁工业规模迅速扩大，钢结构住宅得到初步发展。时至今日，钢结构住宅技术在世界发达国家的发展历史已达百余年。在欧美和日本等地，建筑用钢量已达钢产量的三成以上，钢结构建筑面积占总建筑面积约四成以上，形成了各自的钢结构住宅体系。

France is one of the earliest countries to promote the industrialization of housing. After 30 years of development, France's steel structure housing system is mainly used in multi-storey housing.

法国是推广住宅工业化最早的国家之一。经历了30年发展，法国的钢结构住宅体系主要应用于多层集合式住宅。

Japan is the first country in the world to rise in industrialization of housing. Japan is an island country with frequent earthquakes. Light steel structures are widely used. At present, about 70,000 low-rise dwellings are newly built in Japan each year, and steel structure dwellings account for more than 70%.

日本是世界上率先兴起住宅产业化的国家。日本是一个地震频发的岛国，轻钢结构得到广泛使用，目前日本每年新建约20万栋低层住宅中，钢结构住宅约占七成以上。

The construction technology of steel structure housing in the United States is derived from traditional wooden structure housing. It is also the country that adopted the earliest steel structure housing. In 1965, young steel structures accounted for only 15% of the construction market in the United States, and increase to 53% in 1990. In 2000, it has reached 75%. At present, there are 200,000 small-frame steel-framed houses in the United States, and light steel structures are used in villas and multi-storey houses. In the 1960s, the United States began to develop light steel keel structures for the construction of low-rise assembly houses and townhouses.   From the 1980s to the present, the United States has gradually realized the standardization of components, the production efficiency has increased significantly, and housing has reached the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.   In 1997, the United States issued the "Guiding Methods for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Skeletons for Residential Buildings", which comprehensively guided the design and construction of light steel keel housing.

美国钢结构住宅的建造技术由传统的木结构住宅衍变而来，也是采用钢结构住宅最早的国家。1965年轻钢结构在美国仅占建筑市场的15%，1990年上升到53%，2000年达到75%。目前美国的钢框架小型住宅已达20万幢，别墅和多层住宅都采用轻钢结构。进入60年代，美国开始发展轻钢龙骨结构建筑，用于低层集合住宅和联排住宅的建造。80年代至今，美国逐渐实现了构件标准化，生产效率显著提高，住宅达到节能环保要求。1997年美国发布《住宅冷成型钢骨架设计指导性方法》，全方面地指导轻钢龙骨体系住宅的设计、施工。

China's light steel construction has alsodeveloped rapidly in the last decade.   In September 2016, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on VigorouslyDeveloping Prefabricated Buildings". In September 2018, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Technical standard forcold-formed thin-walled steel multi-storey residential buildings, formed thin-walled steel multi-storey residential buildings ", while the building association and some provinces and cities have also formulated and promulgatedindustry and local standards. China Light Steel Housing also creatively improved the filling materials and construction technology, such as polyurethane filling, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) molding customization, foamed concrete pouring, and self-waterproofing of the structure, and other technologies, which greatly improved thetechnical indicators of the building.

中国的轻钢建筑也在最近十年得到了迅猛发展。2016年9月，国务院办公厅发布《关于大力发展装配式建筑的指导意见》。2018年9月，国家住房和城乡建设部发布了《冷弯薄壁型钢多层住宅技术标准》，同时建筑协会和部分省市也制定颁布了行业和地方标准。中国轻钢住宅还创造性地改进了填充材料及施工工艺，如聚氨酯填充、EPS模塑定制、发泡混凝土浇筑、结构自防水等技术，使得建筑的各项技术指标得到极大的提升。

China produced the first cold bending mill and built a lightsteel structure plant in 1958. Thelight steel villa appeared in China early. The information technology was notdeveloped well at that time, so it took many years for people to understand thelight steel villa. With the era of advanced information, everything in life isconstantly changing. Light steel villas have also undergone major changes. Three technical standards andregulations represent the development process of cold-formed thin-walled steel houses (light steel houses for short) in China.

中国诞生了第一台冷弯轧机并建造轻钢结构厂房，是在1958年。轻钢别墅早早的就出现在了我国，只是由于当时信息技术并不发达，导致好多年之后才对轻钢别墅有所了解。随着信息发达的时代，生活中所有的一切都在不断的改变，轻钢别墅也发生着重大的变化。这三个国家技术标准及规程，代表着我国冷弯薄壁型钢房屋（简称，轻钢房屋）的发展历程。

Generally speaking, the steel structure housing system is very mature in terms of modular design, standardized production, assembly construction, energy saving, fire protection and earthquake resistance, especially the application of supporting components with less pollution and short cycletime such as matching walls, floor slabs, and roofs.The Philippines has a hot climate,frequent typhoons, many earthquakes, and limited island country resources. This advanced and environmentally friendly light steel structure building system is bound to become a new trend.

总体说来，钢结构住宅体系在模数化设计、标准化生产、装配化施工，节能、防火和抗震等方面已非常成熟。尤其是相配套的墙体、楼板、屋面等围护部件的应用也非常完善，施工污染少、周期短。菲律宾气候炎热、台风频繁、地震较多、岛国资源有限。这种先进环保的轻钢结构建筑体系必将成为新的趋势。